毎年恒例、オックスフォード大学出版局が選ぶWord of the Year 2015は😂でした。さて2019年は。そして中華圏の見解は。(2019/12/04配信)
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2019年已经进入了尾声,
又到了各大词典公开年度词汇的时候,
今年哪个词最热?一起看看吧!
a | b |
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Jenny: | 嗨大家好,我是Jenny。你正在收听开言英语带来的《潘吉Jenny告诉你》。 |
Adam: | Hey guys this is Adam. |
Jenny: | 啊,我们现在已经十二月了。一年就快要过去了。 |
Adam: | Right so this is the topic I actually really really don’t like to do. Because it always signals that we’ve got... |
Jenny: | Wasted a year. |
Adam: | We’ve wasted a year. |
Jenny: | 没有没有,接年底嘛,就会有各种各样的总结啊,各种各样的lists榜单*2。那我们今天要跟大家分享的一个年度榜单呢,就是牛津*3词典、剑桥*4词典它们分别推出了自己的年度英语词。 |
Adam: | OK. So often we use phrases like “word of the year two thousand nineteen,” but like Jenny said these are all words that well, I did actually been around for a long time, they just finally been added to the dictionary. |
Jenny: | 是是是。那除了牛津剑桥这两部词典它们选出的各自的年度英语词呢,我们也选了一些啊还有几个就是在今年被收入到不同英语词典里面,比较有意思得一些年度新词和热词。好,那我们先来看看这个很有权威公信力的牛津Oxford年度英语词好了。 |
a | b |
---|---|
Adam: | OK. So they had a really big focus this year on climate change. |
Jenny: | 噢climate change就是气候变化。OK. 那年度热词是什么呢? |
Adam: | Well, it’s climate emergency. |
Jenny: | OK. |
Adam: | Yeah, because this old phrase “climate change” it’s been around for a while, but it’s not strong enough perhaps to force people into action. |
Jenny: | 所以他们要用emergency。 |
Adam: | EMERGENCY. |
Jenny: | 噢emergency的意思就是一个紧急非常非常紧急的情况,对吧。 |
Adam: | Wee woo*5 wee woo wee woo wee woo... |
Jenny: | 对对。是,比如说医院它会有emergency room急诊室啊。 |
Adam: | Right or emergency vehicles will take people to the emergency room. |
Jenny: | 对对对。好,那climate emergency我们来看看牛津辞典是怎么定义它的。 |
Adam: | Well, it says a climate emergency or I should probably have a British accent right, “climate emergency is defined as a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt climate change.” |
Jenny: | 噢所以它定义里面是说,这个climate emergency需要我们有urgent action。 |
Adam: | Yeah, so this is a kind of wish they would have defined this a little bit differently, because we do get this question a lot what is the difference between emergency, urgency, emergent and urgent. |
Adam: | And the difference really is not so much in meaning; it’s in usage. So look at the sentence again I won’t have a bad British accent this time. “Climate emergency is defined as a situation in which urgent action is required to,” bla bla bla. |
Adam: | So basically, emergency we all know Jenny has already given a really good example of that, if something is urgent, it means you have to do it, you have to do with it right now. |
Jenny: | 对。 |
Adam: | But we don’t really use the words urgency or emergent as much as we use these two words. |
Jenny: | 对,我觉得大家可以就是emergency是一个situation是一个情况。然后urgency是一种这是感觉或者意识。对英语里面常常说a sense of urgency就紧迫感,对不对。他是一个feeling。 |
Adam: | it’s a feeling yeah we have to act now. |
Jenny: | 对对对。好的,那,向前面说到的urgent action意思就是you have to act now。 |
Adam: | Right, now. |
Jenny: | 好。哎,前面我们对比了这两个词啊。我们现在可以对比一下climate和weather。 |
Adam: | Oh yeah so this is what a lot of climate skeptics or climate change deniers really need to focus on because they’ll say things like “well, if climate change is real, that how could I have this snowball.” |
Jenny: | 嗯 weather. |
Adam: | Its bullets weather right, they they’re thinking about weather. Weather is just that like local pattern. |
Jenny: | 今天有没有下雨,然后,对。 |
Adam: | Right so it’s it’s you can’t think about weather on a global scale. Weather is local just by definition. World’s climate that is the whole planet. |
Jenny: | 嗯。一个是气候一个就是天气啊。前面你用到了一个词叫climate denial。 |
Adam: | Uh-huh. |
Jenny: | 其实这个词也是在牛津今年它觉得热词的榜单里面啊。 |
Jenny: | Denial d-e-n-i-a-l,意思是就你不愿意面对或者承认这个现实。 |
Adam: | Uh-huh, yeah, it’s not just a river in Egypt. |
Jenny: | 诶,其实英语有一个说法一个短语叫in denial。 |
Adam: | Uh-huh, yeah, he’s in denial about something. |
Jenny: | 嗯。那,climate denial就是新迄今还是有一些人会觉得“噢climate change气候变化不是真的”。 |
Adam: | Yeah that’s that’s it. The person would be a denier or a climate denier. |
Jenny: | OK, 好. 那看完牛津词典的年度英语词呢let’s talk about Cambridge Dictionary. |
Adam: | Well they, they don’t make climate change sound as urgent. |
Jenny: | 我也觉得。 |
Adam: | They make it sound like there are lots of things that we can do as individual people, and one of those things is upcycle. |
Jenny: | 噢,好。所以这个剑桥词典所选的年度词啊。叫做upcycling。 |
Jenny: | 就让我想到recycling。因为今年全国好多地方就出台了新的垃圾分类政策嘛。这个垃圾分类其实you can say什么to sort your garbage,但是日常好像native speakers就会说oh I need to recycle这些垃圾,对不对。 |
Adam: | Yeah, or put out the recycling, do the recycling, yeah, so I mean as a good little citizen of the West, I have been trained to recycle, but the truth is sometimes they just throw the stuff in the garbage dump. |
Jenny: | 对recycle一个意思是在循环再利用。 |
Jenny: | 但是我们把那个垃圾丢了以后也不管它了。所以现在这个新的词upcycling的意思是,你就先别丢掉或者别人丢的东西你可以拿回来“变废为宝”。 |
Adam: | You can just basically make it into something new, |
Jenny: | Upgrade它们,upgrade这个叫upcycle, |
Adam: | Or you can. Because I mean of course if you throw your plastic bottle in the recycling. They can’t just make another plastic bottle out of it; they can make a different kind of plastic. But in in a sense it’s going down, down, down. Whereas here if if you take all of your plastic bottles and make, I don’t know, a sofa. Then you have sofa. |
Jenny: | 没有,你这个用塑料瓶坐沙发可能对我们日常,常任来说太难了。但是,我们日常比如一个东西你不丢掉,然而在家里lot of containers对吧。这种盒子啊瓶瓶罐罐不要丢掉在家里放其他的东西that’s also form of upcycling, right? |
Adam: | Yeah, for sure, for sure. Yeah I don’t want to make it sound like you have to build a car or a castle or something yeah I mean you can just build like uh a planter for flowers. |
Jenny: | 对或者在我家经常用的就是旧的衣服那些然后就变成, |
Adam: | Rags? |
Jenny: | 抹布。 |
Adam: | Yeah, yeah yeah. |
Jenny: | 外国人也会吗? |
Adam: | Yeah yeah yeah my dad was always big into*6 recycling and upcycling. |
Jenny: | OK. |
Adam: | But, but just the word didn’t exist at the time. |
Jenny: | 嗯,upcycling其实算一个挺新的词吧, right? So you can say I upcycle 比如你把旧衣服弄成抹布。 |
Adam: | I wonder though if that does count like it’s reusing which we were always taught is good to do. But I think the idea behind upcycling is that you are creating a new product, so sure you could you know we have to go to the store to buy mops or rags. So in a sense yes it’s upcycling, but I think there is supposed to be more of a creative. |
Jenny: | 那就上面装饰一下花点花之类的。That’s upcycling. |
Adam: | That’s upcycling. |
Jenny: | 好那看完剑桥词典的这个年度英语词呢接下来let’s talk about some really fun ones. |
Adam: | Yeah OK so again these a lot these words are not new it’s just that they’re getting the recognition, |
Jenny: | They made it into the dictionary. |
Adam: | Guys you made it. |
Jenny: | 这个是,对,我们接下来选的这些词都是收入在Merriam-Webster韦氏大辞典的啊。首先这一个词是, |
Adam: | Whatevs*7. |
Jenny: | Whatevs怎么拼啊? |
Adam: | w-h-a-t-e-v-s. |
Jenny: | Oh that looks like “whatever.” |
Adam: | It sure does, they just took the e-r, and replaced it with S, whatevs. |
Jenny: | 所以意思是一样的whatever。 |
Adam: | Whatever, well it doesn’t mean like whatever in the sense of “whatever you want to do, you should do.” It means whatever in the sense of, |
Jenny: | I don’t care. |
Adam: | I don’t care. |
Jenny: | 随便。 |
Adam: | Yeah, whatevs. Or also like I am dismissing that thing that you are saying so so for example, a climate denier might look at some some scientific data, and just say “phew, whatevs.” |
Jenny: | OK. |
Adam: | ”Don’t care.” |
Jenny: | 好的。接下来的这个词来也是把一个比较长的词变成一个短的单词。And this word is? |
Adam: | Inspo*8. |
Jenny: | Inspo. |
Adam: | Sounds Australian. |
Jenny: | 我也觉得。*9 |
Jenny: | Well, it actually comes from the word ”inspiration.” |
Adam: | That’s too long for anyone to say, especially Australians, so they just say “hey you got you got me inspir...” |
Jenny: | I got some inspo. |
Adam: | I was looking for a gift for my friend for Crimbo*10. |
Adam: | Need an inspo for Crimbo gifts. What are they called gifts Crimbo? |
Jenny: | 不是不是,presents礼物是pressie*11。 |
Adam: | Pressie, ah yeah. |
Jenny: | Some pressie inspo. |
Adam: | Pressie inspo. |
Jenny: | 好,那大家也可以看出了这些就是日常就很casual的场景里面可以将用啊。接下来的这一个,是从一首歌来的是不是啊? |
Adam: | Yes, exactly I think Spencer did something on this. |
Jenny: | 噢对开言英语。 |
Adam: | All day earlier this this expression just kind of blew up this year it’s like a lot of people are saying that young people old people, |
Jenny: | 就爆发了这个词。 |
Adam: | And the word is a name and the name is Stan. |
Jenny: | 这像Stan Lee那个漫威,漫威之父。s-t-a-n. |
Adam: | Rights. |
Jenny: | 但它是什么意思呢? |
Adam: | It basically means “I am a fan of” or “I support.” |
Jenny: | 而且是一个huge fun of. |
Adam: | Right. |
Jenny: | 是漫狂热的那种吧。 |
Adam: | The song Stan if anybody doesn’t know it’s about like a crazy obsessed fan. Of the rapper Eminem it’s a great song. |
Jenny: | OK. 好。那stan怎么用呢? |
Adam: | I stan Jenny. |
Jenny: | 噢就是我超级支持某个人。哎,后面可以加东西吗? 比如说我很爱,我很爱吃披萨。 |
Adam: | Sure I stan pizza. I stan beer. |
Jenny: | Well I stan Marvel movies. |
Adam: | Yeah, you could add anything after. Now, just to be clear here you can also use stan as a noun, so I am a Jenny stan. |
Jenny: | OK. |
Adam: | That’s fine. But it’s just it’s kind of funnier when you use it as a verb because when our names used as verbs right it’s kind it’s just really funny and cute. |
Jenny: | 哎我觉得今天的留言你肯定有很多I stan Adam. |
Adam: | I stan Jenny. |
Jenny: | We stan OpenLanguage. |
Adam: | Yeah hope so, hope you guys stan us a lot. |
Jenny: | 谢谢大家。好,那接下来要说的这个, |
Adam: | Oh they stan, they stan us, uh swole的同事. |
Jenny: | 好也是S开头的他是? |
Adam: | Swole*12. |
Jenny: | s-w-o-l-e. |
Adam: | Yeah. This might be a tough one to say swole. |
Jenny: | Swole. 意思是? |
Adam: | Well, think about the word swollen. So it’s something is swollen, it’s, |
Jenny: | 肿起来了。 |
Adam: | Blows up, right? So if you look at a guy with a lot of muscles, we wouldn’t really, we wouldn’t really say his muscles are swollen because I ask you just got bit by lots and lots of mosquitoes. |
Adam: | But you know now I guess kids are whoever saying “oh, swole.” |
Jenny: | Swole的意思就是形容一个很强壮的人。I guess earlier versions of the words include ripped*13. |
Adam: | Uh-huh. |
Jenny: | 对对但现在有个新词叫swole。所以看到Spencer下次大家可以说“oh you are swole”。 |
Adam: | Spencer is so swole. |
Jenny: | 或者是可以把它做一个动词词组。To get swole. |
Adam: | Oh, yeah. I don’t know why he doesn’t make his own exercise videos. You know 抖音 “Get Swole Spencer.” |
Jenny: | 就你的英语可以get swole。 |
Adam: | Sure. Well, work it out, work it out. |
Jenny: | 好的,那我们今天还有两个新词要分享给大家。接下来的这我特别喜欢,因为它是一个很老的词。你很熟悉但它现在有完全新的一个意思。 |
Adam: | Right, receipts*14. I’ve got the receipts. |
Jenny: | 哦就是收据、发票。那receipts现在新的意思是什么呢? |
Adam: | It basically just means “I have proof.” |
Jenny: | 啊比如说,昨天我去Beyoncé家里参加party啦。 |
Adam: | Oh ah, do you have the receipts? |
Jenny: | Yeah I do. |
Adam: | Well she didn’t to be kind of like OK Jenny sure, sure you did. |
Jenny: | 所以receipts现在还有一个用法就是,诶,我有证据比如哎支持你看我的Ins上面有照片,对不对。 |
Adam: | Right, right, got proof. Now as always whether you are using the word receipt at a store with its original meaning or using it with this new meaning, forget about the p-t; it’s not receiPt it’s just receipt. |
Jenny: | 是是是。 |
Adam: | The P doesn’t need need to be there. |
Jenny: | Right. 那,然后它现在新词的使用呢通常是复数receipts I’ve got the receipts而不是单数啊。 |
Jenny: | 好的,那我们今天最后要分享的一个词,it’s more like a sound. |
Adam: | Yeah. But it’s it’s a very special sound which I happen to stan and I really stan it going into the dictionary because honestly people my age in North America use this in every other sentence all the time. |
Jenny: | 好。那,这个词这个声音是什么呢? |
Adam: | Whomp whomp. |
Jenny: | 这基本上就是有一个什么倒霉*15的事儿不好…… |
Adam: | Yes, exactly. So you can think about like a really old movie or cartoon where in you know Mickey Mouse is trying to trying to give a flower to Minnie Mouse but she says “no” rejects it and then you would hear the the trombone whomp whomp. |
Jenny: | 那个音效啊。好那我们先说说它的拼法。 |
Adam: | OK. So there’s two different ways. I think the way that uh Merriam-Webster put in was w-o-m-p twice so “womp womp.” But when we when we write it as a text message, we could also spell it w-h-o-m-p whomp, “whomp whomp.” |
Jenny: | OK,哎但是用的时候一定要两个什么你不能只是whomp。 |
Adam: | Yeah, we don’t wanna just say whomp, yeah. Maybe that’s next year. When the kids finally discover “oh, whomp whomp that’s too long. I just wanna say whomp. I stan whomp, yeah.” |
Jenny: | 好的,那今天我们的节目就到这儿啊。 这些新词呢一个抓住*16你的眼球呢,来一个你现在已经用起来的呢,大家都可以在留言里跟我们分享。那我们今天的节目就到这儿。We look forward to seeing you next time, 我们下次再见. |
Adam: | All right bye guys, whomp whomp. |
*1:出炉/chū lú/ 焼き上がる、お披露目される
*2:榜单/bǎng dān/ ランキング
*3:牛津/Niú jīn/ オックスフォード | Oxford
*4:剑桥/Jiàn qiáo/ ケンブリッジ | Cambridge
*5:wee woo サイレンの音。いわゆる「ピーポー」
*6:big into 〜に熱中して
*7:whatevs どうでもいい
*8:inspo inspirationの略
*9:実際Jennyは学生時代オーストラリアにいました
*10:Crimbo Christmasのオーストラリア口語
*11:pressie presentのオーストラリア口語
*12:swole 筋骨隆々の
*13:ripped 筋骨隆々の
*14:receipts 証拠
*15:倒霉/dǎo méi/ 運のない
*16:抓住/zhuā zhù/ 捕まえる